(1) Cardiovascular disease is one of these ancillary conditions.
Examples of cells that normally die and are replaced by cell division are blood cells, skin
cells, and the lining of the intestinal tract.
(2) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_10.pdf
(3) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_05.pdf
(4) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/Table.aspx?Group=TableGeo&Year=2004&
Display=n
(5) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/Table.aspx?Group=TableAll&Year=2004&
Display=n
(6) An excellent source of information on the state of understanding of the harm that
might result from exposure to radioactivity is a series of reports published by the National
Research Council of the National Academies; these are known as the BEIR Reports, an
acronym for the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. The most recent of these reports
is BEIR VII Phase 2 (“Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,”
2006, BEIR VII PHASE 2, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., www.nap.edu).
It contains clear descriptions of the methods used in assessing risk including the criteria
needed to assert causality between exposure and damage to health.
What is commonly known as “radioactivity” is also referred to by scientists and physicians
as “ionizing radiation” because when the emanations from a radioactive source strike
matter they create ions–electrically charged forms of the atoms that comprise the matter.
(7) Walker, J.S., 2004, Three Mile Island, University of California Press, Los Angeles.
(8) “Don’t dismiss nuclear risks,” Baltimore Sun, April 18, 2008)
(9) “Little Outcry on Nuclear Reactor Proposal,” Washington Post, August 4, 2008
(10) Gofman, J., 1990, Radiation Induced Cancer from Low-Dose Exposure: An
Independent Analysis, CNR Books, San Francisco, CA.
(11) Preston, D.L., et al., 2007, Solid Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958-
1998, Radiation Research, 168: 1-64.
(12) Preston, D.L., et al., 2003, Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13:
Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950-1997, Radiation Research, 160, 381-
407.
(13) Preston, D.L., et al., 1994, Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Part III:
Leukemia, Radiation Research, 137: S68-S97.
(14) Medvedev, Z., 1990, The Legacy of Chernobyl, W.W. Norton, New York.
(15) Mettler, F.A., et al., 2007, Health Effects in Those with Acute Radiation Sickness from
the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93: 462-469.
(16) Ivanov, V.K., 2007, Late Cancer and Noncancer Risks among Chernobyl Emergency
Workers of Russia, Health Physics, 93: 470-479.
(17) Bouville, a., et al., 2007, Radiation Dosimetry for Highly Contaminated Belarusian,
Russian and Ukrainian Populations, and for Less Contaminated Populations in Europe,
Health Physics, 93: 487-501.
(18) Howe, G.R., 2007, Leukemia Following the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93:
512-515.
(19) Ron, E., 2007, Thyroid Cancer Incidence among People Living in Areas Contaminated
by Radiation from the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93: 502-511.
(20) The Chernobyl Forum: 2003-2005, Second revised edition, “Chernobyl’s Legacy:
health, Environmental, and Socio-Economic Imapcts,” International Atomic Energy
Agency, 2006. http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/Chernobyl/chernobyl.pdf
(21) “Radiation Carcinogenesis: Human Model,” in Prasad, K.N., 1995, Handbook of
Radiobiology, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton.
(22) Eisenbud, M., and Gesell, T., 1997, Environmental Radioactivity, from Natural,
Industrial, and Military Sources, Academic Press, new York.
(23) Cantelon, P.L., and Williams, R.C., 1982, Crisis Contained, Department of Energy at
Three Mile Island,
(24) Hatch, M.C., et al., 1990, Cancer near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant:
Radiation Emissions, American Journal of Epidemiology, 132: 397-412,
(25) Talbott, E.O., et al., 2003, Long-Term Follow-Up of the Residents of the Three Mile
Accident Area: 1979-1998, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111: 341-348.
(26) Wing, S., et al., 1997, A reevaluation of Cancer Incidence Near the Three Mile Islnad
Nuclear Power Plant: The Collision of Evidence and Assumptions, Environmental Health
Perspectives, 105: 52-57.
(27) Shevchenko, V.A. & Snigirova, 1996, Cytogenetic Effects of the Action of Ionizing
Radiations on Human Populations, in: Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe:
Human Health ((Burlakova, E.B., ed) Moscow Center for Russian Environmental Policy and
Scientific Council on Radiobiology RAS, pp. 23-45
(28) Shevchenko, V.A., 1996, Assessment of Genetic Risk from Exposure of Human
Populations to Radiation, in: Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe: Human Health
((Burlakova, E.B., ed) Moscow Center for Russian Environmental Policy and Scientific
Council on Radiobiology RAS, pp. 47-61.
(29) Edwards, A.A., et al., 2005, Review of Translocation Detected by FISH for
Retrospective Biological Dosimetry Applications, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 113: 396-
402.
(30) Thompson, D.E., et al., 1994, Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Part II:
Solid Tumors, 1958-1987, Radiation Research, 137: S17-S67.
(31) http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf32.html
(32) Apt, J., Lave, L.B., and Pattanariyankool, S., 2008, Science and Technology, http:
//www.issues.org/25.1/apt.html
Examples of cells that normally die and are replaced by cell division are blood cells, skin
cells, and the lining of the intestinal tract.
(2) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_10.pdf
(3) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr56/nvsr56_05.pdf
(4) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/Table.aspx?Group=TableGeo&Year=2004&
Display=n
(5) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/uscs/Table.aspx?Group=TableAll&Year=2004&
Display=n
(6) An excellent source of information on the state of understanding of the harm that
might result from exposure to radioactivity is a series of reports published by the National
Research Council of the National Academies; these are known as the BEIR Reports, an
acronym for the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. The most recent of these reports
is BEIR VII Phase 2 (“Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,”
2006, BEIR VII PHASE 2, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., www.nap.edu).
It contains clear descriptions of the methods used in assessing risk including the criteria
needed to assert causality between exposure and damage to health.
What is commonly known as “radioactivity” is also referred to by scientists and physicians
as “ionizing radiation” because when the emanations from a radioactive source strike
matter they create ions–electrically charged forms of the atoms that comprise the matter.
(7) Walker, J.S., 2004, Three Mile Island, University of California Press, Los Angeles.
(8) “Don’t dismiss nuclear risks,” Baltimore Sun, April 18, 2008)
(9) “Little Outcry on Nuclear Reactor Proposal,” Washington Post, August 4, 2008
(10) Gofman, J., 1990, Radiation Induced Cancer from Low-Dose Exposure: An
Independent Analysis, CNR Books, San Francisco, CA.
(11) Preston, D.L., et al., 2007, Solid Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors: 1958-
1998, Radiation Research, 168: 1-64.
(12) Preston, D.L., et al., 2003, Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13:
Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950-1997, Radiation Research, 160, 381-
407.
(13) Preston, D.L., et al., 1994, Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Part III:
Leukemia, Radiation Research, 137: S68-S97.
(14) Medvedev, Z., 1990, The Legacy of Chernobyl, W.W. Norton, New York.
(15) Mettler, F.A., et al., 2007, Health Effects in Those with Acute Radiation Sickness from
the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93: 462-469.
(16) Ivanov, V.K., 2007, Late Cancer and Noncancer Risks among Chernobyl Emergency
Workers of Russia, Health Physics, 93: 470-479.
(17) Bouville, a., et al., 2007, Radiation Dosimetry for Highly Contaminated Belarusian,
Russian and Ukrainian Populations, and for Less Contaminated Populations in Europe,
Health Physics, 93: 487-501.
(18) Howe, G.R., 2007, Leukemia Following the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93:
512-515.
(19) Ron, E., 2007, Thyroid Cancer Incidence among People Living in Areas Contaminated
by Radiation from the Chernobyl Accident, Health Physics, 93: 502-511.
(20) The Chernobyl Forum: 2003-2005, Second revised edition, “Chernobyl’s Legacy:
health, Environmental, and Socio-Economic Imapcts,” International Atomic Energy
Agency, 2006. http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/Chernobyl/chernobyl.pdf
(21) “Radiation Carcinogenesis: Human Model,” in Prasad, K.N., 1995, Handbook of
Radiobiology, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton.
(22) Eisenbud, M., and Gesell, T., 1997, Environmental Radioactivity, from Natural,
Industrial, and Military Sources, Academic Press, new York.
(23) Cantelon, P.L., and Williams, R.C., 1982, Crisis Contained, Department of Energy at
Three Mile Island,
(24) Hatch, M.C., et al., 1990, Cancer near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant:
Radiation Emissions, American Journal of Epidemiology, 132: 397-412,
(25) Talbott, E.O., et al., 2003, Long-Term Follow-Up of the Residents of the Three Mile
Accident Area: 1979-1998, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111: 341-348.
(26) Wing, S., et al., 1997, A reevaluation of Cancer Incidence Near the Three Mile Islnad
Nuclear Power Plant: The Collision of Evidence and Assumptions, Environmental Health
Perspectives, 105: 52-57.
(27) Shevchenko, V.A. & Snigirova, 1996, Cytogenetic Effects of the Action of Ionizing
Radiations on Human Populations, in: Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe:
Human Health ((Burlakova, E.B., ed) Moscow Center for Russian Environmental Policy and
Scientific Council on Radiobiology RAS, pp. 23-45
(28) Shevchenko, V.A., 1996, Assessment of Genetic Risk from Exposure of Human
Populations to Radiation, in: Consequences of the Chernobyl Catastrophe: Human Health
((Burlakova, E.B., ed) Moscow Center for Russian Environmental Policy and Scientific
Council on Radiobiology RAS, pp. 47-61.
(29) Edwards, A.A., et al., 2005, Review of Translocation Detected by FISH for
Retrospective Biological Dosimetry Applications, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 113: 396-
402.
(30) Thompson, D.E., et al., 1994, Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Part II:
Solid Tumors, 1958-1987, Radiation Research, 137: S17-S67.
(31) http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf32.html
(32) Apt, J., Lave, L.B., and Pattanariyankool, S., 2008, Science and Technology, http:
//www.issues.org/25.1/apt.html
ENDNOTES - HEALTH
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