Table 1: Cancer incidence* among the atomic bomb survivors and their controls from 1958 to 1998 (11).
 
Number of
people
Exposure (mSv)**
Exposure relative to
background***
Total Cases
Excess
Cases
Percent in
Excess
Controls ****
60,792
0 to 5
0 to 2 times
9,597
NA
NA
Moderately exposed
33,316
5 to 200
2 to 80 times
5,374
157
2.9%
Heavily exposed
11,319
200 to 4,000
80 to 1,600 times
2,477
693
28.0%
Exposed (total)
44,635
5 to 4,000
2 to 1,600 times
7,851
850*****
10.8%
* Solid tumors only.
** The radioactivity from the bombs.  Exposure exceeding 8,000 mSv is almost 100% lethal within months.
*** Background is 2.4 mSv per year.
**** Controls include people who received from zero to low exposures.  In this study a group of 26,580 residents of the two cities who were not in the cities
at the time of the bombings were included in the controls.
***** There were 75 excess cases of blood cancers in the Life Span Study between 1950 and 1987, bringing the total excess cases of cancer to 925.
Table 2 : Cancer mortality* among the atomic bomb survivors and their controls from 1950 to 1997 (12).
 
Number of
people
Exposure
(mSv)**
Exposure relative to
background***
Total Deaths
Excess
Deaths
Controls****
37,458
less than 5
less than 2 times
3,833
NA
Moderately exposed
37,382
5 to 200
2 to 80 times
3,945
83
Heavily exposed
11,732
200 to 4,000
80 to 1,600 times
1,557
357
Exposed (all)
49,114
5 to 4000
2 to 1600 times
5,502
440*****
* From solid tumors only.
** The radioactivity from the bombs.  Exposure exceeding 8,000 mSv is almost 100% lethal within months.
*** Background is 2.4 mSv per year.
**** Controls include people who received from zero to low exposures.  In this study a group of 26,580 residents of the two cities who were not in the
cities at the time of the bombings were not included in the controls.
***** There were 75 excess cases of various blood cancers (e.g. leukemia) in the Life Span Study participants between 1950 and 1987 (12) and 250
noncancer deaths between 1950 and 1997 (11); assuming that all of the blood cancer patients died, the total excess deaths from all causes
becomes 765.  As with the solid tumor deaths, the bulk of the noncancer deaths (216 out of 250) occurred in the heavily exposed group (11).
Health effects of exposure to radioactivity -     
    TABLES
Table 3: Comparison of A-bomb survivors, Chernobyl clean-up workers, and residents near TMI.
 
Excess:
Exposure relative
to background*
Follow-up
(years)
Number of
subjects
Lung
Cancer
Solid
Tumors
Leukemia
TMI: Hatch et al. (24)
**
0
0
0.04 to 0.16 times
5
78,500
TMI: Wing et al. (26)
44
134
10
0.04 to 0.16 times
5
78,500
A-bomb (1950-1965) (13)
**
**
57
4 to 4,000 times
16
49,114
A-bomb (1958-1965) (30)
38
77
**
5 to 4,000 times
8
49,114
Clean-up workers (16)
0
0
**
54 times
16
55,718
Clean-up workers (17)
**
**
6
45 times
16
71,870
* Background is 2.4 mSv per year.
** Not studied
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